Persecution of Jews in the Muslim World – a Historical Timeline
(Note: this is just a rough sketch, and is by no means complete. Please comment if you notice any events that should be added)
Persecution
of Jews in the Muslim World –
a Historical Timeline
a Historical Timeline
Date: Event:
624 After
Jews of Medina refused to accept him as a prophet and rejected his new
religion, Mohammad became openly hostile toward them. He instructed his
henchmen to murder and decapitate a renowned Jewish poet and chief of the Banu
Nadir (date farmers tribe), and ordered his followers, “Kill every Jew you
can.”
Muhammad
expelled the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa.
625 Muhammad
banished the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir.
627 Muhammad
orders 600-900 Jews of Banu Qurayza beheaded (except for the few who chose to
convert to Islam), all women and children enslaved, and their properties
confiscated.
632 Muhammad
expels Jews from Northern Arabia. Since then, Jews have never been allowed to
live in parts of Arabia.
634 Jews
expelled from Khaybar.
661 Muslim
caliph of Jerusalem confiscated Jewish property throughout the Land of Israel
and distributed it to Arab settlers.
717 Jews
persecuted under Umayyad Caliphate.
789 Increased
persecution of Jews under Abbasid Caliphate. Jews subject to oppressive taxes
and humiliating laws.
850 Muslim
Arab rulers require Jews of Iraq to wear yellow patch.
945 Jews
persecuted by fanatic Shiite Buwayhid dynasty.
987 Jews
deported from Fez, Morocco.
1004 Arab
Muslim leaders forcibly convert Jews in Eretz Yisrael. Synagogues burnt down.
Jews of Egypt forced to wear “Jew Badge.”
1013 Berbers
kill Jews during their conquest of Cordova.
1035 6,000
Jews massacred in Fez, Morocco.
1066 Jewish
population of Granada massacred by Muslim Mob. Yosef Hanagid crucified. 4,000
Jews killed.
1148 Jews
of Cordova attacked and forcibly converted by fanatical Islamic sect,
Almohades. Many were forced to flee the country. Almohades kill 150 Jews in
Sijilmasa and many more in Tiemcin and elsewhere in the Maghreb.
1061 Jews
banned from Marrakesh.
1165 Forced
Islamic conversion in Morocco.
1169 Jews
violently persecuted in Yemen, forced to choose between Islamic conversion or
martyrdom.
1198 Jews
of North Africa were required to wear humiliating dress.
1244 Jews
of Jerusalem massacred by Egyptian and Turks while trying to flee the Holy
City.
1250 Jews
of Tunisia required by their Muslim rulers to wear “Jew badge.” Jews persecuted
in Egypt.
1275 Jews
of Morocco attacked by fanatic mobs.
1291 Jews
massacred in Persia. Jews of Acco killed and imprisoned by Sultan of Egypt .
1293 Forced
Islamic conversions in Iraq.
1303 Forced
Islamic conversion in Egypt. All Jews there required to wear yellow turbans.
1392 A
Jew was burned alive in Damascus, and many others imprisoned and tortured,
after local Jews were falsely accused of setting fire to a mosque.
1442 Jewish
women raped in Sale, Morocco. Widespread robbery and plundering of Jews in
Alcazarquivir.
1465 Entire
Jewish community massacred in Fez, Morocco.
1493 Jews
fleeing Spain were attacked and persecuted upon arriving in Morocco. As many as
20,000 Jews died there due to attacks and famine.
1502 Increased
persecution of Jews in Persia under Safavid rule.
1517 Property
of Jews in Tunisia destroyed by Turks. Jews required to wear a yellow patch on
their headgear.
1518 Jews
of Hebron massacred by Muslims. Jews were attacked, beaten and raped, and many
were killed as their homes and businesses were looted and pillaged
1521 Jews
of Jerusalem blamed by Muslim rulers for a severe drought, and were required to
pay heavy fines.
1524 Jews
of Cairo were threatened with massacre and forced to pay an exorbitant tax.
1535 Jews
killed in Tunis, and many were captured and sold to slavery.
1625 Jews
of Jerusalem oppressively taxed, imprisoned and tortured, by Ottoman Pasha.
1628 Jews
forced to wear Jew badge in Persia.
1630 Increased
persecution of Jews in Yemen.
1640 Many
Jews forcibly converted to Islam in Persia.
1656 All
Jews expelled from Isfahan. Many were forcibly converted to Islam.
1668 Jews
expelled from parts of Morocco.
1670 Jews
publicly burned in Marrakesh. Synagogues of the city were torn down. Many Jews
expelled from the Berber region of Sus. Enormous taxes imposed on Jews.
1678 Jews
expelled from Yemen, and synagogues destroyed. Most died of starvation or
disease due to expulsion.
1741 Jews
persecuted in Morocco.
1789 Jews
massacred in Morocco.
1805 Jewish
community of Algiers attacked and massacred by Turkish soldiers. 300-500
victims.
1828 Jews
massacred and expelled from Baghdad.
1830 Jews
of Tabriz were massacred. Jews of Shiraz forcibly converted to Islam.
1839 Jews
of Meshed, Persia, attacked and killed, and the remainder forcibly converted to
Islam, continued to observe Judaism secretly.
1840 Blood
libel in Damascus. Many Jews arrested and tortured, including over sixty
children (in order to extract confessions from their mothers). Two Jews died of
torture, a number confessed, and one converted to Islam.
1844 Pogrom
in Cairo.
1847 Pogroms
in Dayr al-Qamar and Jerusalem.
1848 Pogrom
in Damascus.
1850 Pogrom
in Aleppo.
1857 A
Jew was attacked and killed by Muslim mob in Tunisia for allegedly insulting
Islam.
1860 Jews
of Tetuan, Morocco, were massacred. Jews of Hamedan, accused of mocking Islam
were fined. Some had their ears and noses cut off as punishment.
1862 Pogrom
in Beirut
1866 Jews
of Barforush were forcibly converted to Islam. 18 Jews of Barforush killed by
Muslim mob. Two of them were burned alive. Pogrom in Kuzguncuk.
1864 Jews
massacred in many North African cities, including Tunis and Tripoli (on Yom
Kippur). Pogrom in Buyukdere.
1868 Pogrom
in Eyub.
1870 Pogroms
in Istanbul and Alexandria.
1871 Pogrom
in Damanhur.
1872 Pogroms
in Edirne and Izmir.
1873 Pogrom
in Damanhur.
1874 Pogroms
in Istanbul, Izmir and Beirut.
1875 Pogrom
in Aleppo.
1877 Pogroms
in Damanhur and Mansura.
1878 Jewish
settlement in Petach Tikva attacked by Arabs.
1882 Jews
attacked in Algiers and throughout Algeria in numerous anti-Jewish riots. Many
Jews were killed, synagogues plundered, Torah scrolls desecrated. Pogrom in
Alexandria.
1890 Pogroms
in Damascus and Cairo.
1891 Pogrom
in Damanhur.
1897 Jews
attacked by anti-Jewish rioters in Mostaganem, Algeria.
1901 Pogroms
in Cairo and Alexandria.
1902 Pogrom
in Cairo
1903 Pogrom
in Port Said.
1907 Thirty
Jews were killed (and 250 women and children abducted) in Morocco. Porgrom in
Alexandria.
1908 Pogrom
in Port Said.
1910 The
Jews of Shiraz were accused of ritually murdering a Muslim girl. Muslim
dwellers of the city plundered the whole Jewish quarter, the first to start
looting were the soldiers sent by the local governor to defend the Jews against
the enraged mob. Twelve Jews, who tried to defend their property, were killed,
and many others were injured.
1920 Jews
attacked and killed by Arabs in northern Eretz Yisrael. Five Jews killed by
Arab attacks in Jerusalem.
1921 Forty-seven
Jews killed in Arab riots in Yaffo, and four Jews killed while defending Petach
Tikva from an Arab attack.
1929 Many
Jews killed in Arab Pogrom. Sixty-seven Jews (including women and young
children) were massacred in Hebron, and the Jewish community destroyed.
1934 Twenty-five
Jews killed (and many more wounded) in Constantine, Algeria, in attacks by
local Muslim population.
1936 18
Jews killed in Arab riots in Tel Aviv. Over the next three years, Arab terror
attacks claimed the lives of almost 500 Jews. Three Jews murdered in Iraq.
Iraqi synagogues bombed.
1941 Jews
massacred in Baghdad (Farhud). 200 were killed.
1947 Arabs
begin attacking Jews in protest of United Nations vote to give Jews a
partitioned are in Eretz Yisrael. 75 Jews of Aden killed in Arab anti-Jewish
riots. Jews of Aleppo, Syria, attacked and all synagogues destroyed. 6,000 Jews
fled the country. Jews persecuted and arrested in Iraq.
1948 Many
Jews killed by Arab bombings and attacks in Jerusalem and elsewhere in Eretz
Yisrael. A few hundred Jews were killed in the fighting with Arabs after the
British withdrew.
Armies
of all the Arab countries surrounding Israel (i.e. Egypt, Jordan, Syria,
Lebanon, and Iraq) invade, joined by Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
20
Jews were killed in Arab attack in Cairo, and over 100 Jews killed in
subsequent sporadic riots.
A
prominent Jew was publicly hanged in Basra to terrorize Jewish population.
Hadassah
convoy massacre.
1949 Sporadic
Arab attacks on Jews in Eretz Yisroel continued for many years.
1950 Synagogues
bombed in Iraq. Jews had been persecuted in Iraq for several years prior, were
finally given permission to leave Iraq, but were not permitted to take any
possessions. 110,000 Jews (almost the entire Jewish population of Iraq) left
for Israel, leaving behind possessions worth $200 million.
1956 Increasing
number of Jews in Eretz Yisrael killed by Arab infiltrators from across the
border, many from Egypt. Egypt closes Suez canal to ships sailing to and from
Israel. In response to Israeli military action to open the canal, the Egyptian
government expelled almost 25,000 Egyptian Jews and confiscated their property,
and sent approximately 1,000 more Jews to prisons and detention camps.
1964 Terrorist
organizations P.L.O. and Al Fatah established with goal of carrying out
murderous attacks against Jews in Eretz Yisrael.
1967 Increased
terrorist attacks against Jews in Israel. Egypt and Syria arm, mobilize and
deploy forces to border, Egypt closes Suez to Israel-bound ships, openly calls
for annihilation of Israel and death of Jewish inhabitants. Nasser stated his
goal to “throw Jews into the sea” and soak the soil with Jewish blood. Israel
launches preemptive attack. 777 Jewish soldiers killed in conflict.
Jordan
occupied eastern Jerusalem and expelled all Jews from the Old City. 58
synagogues were desecrated or demolished in the Old City, resulting in the
de-Judaization of Jerusalem. Jews were barred from the Western Wall, in
defiance of UN armistice agreement. 38,000 Jewish graves in the ancient Jewish
cemetery on the Mount of Olives were systematically destroyed, and Jews were
not allowed to be buried there.
1969 Nine
Jews publicly executed in Damascus. Egypt began war of attrition against Israel
with daily shellings across the Suez Canal.
1970 Libya
confiscates Jewish property. The P.L.O. begins hijacking planes.
Avivim
school bus massacre. 12 killed (9 victims were children), 25 wounded.
1972 Lod
Airport massacre. 26 killed, 80 injured.
Eleven
Israeli athletes taken hostage and killed by Arab terrorists in the “Munich
Massacre.”
1973 Egypt
and Syria attacks Israel on Yom Kippur. 2,522 Jewish soldiers killed in the
conflict. After their defeat, Arab nations threaten not to sell oil to
countries that support the Jewish state. Israel becomes isolated (particularly
in the United Nations).
1974 Four
Syrian Jewish girls were abducted while trying to flee from Syria to Lebanon
(and eventually to Israel). Their bodies were found raped, murdered and
mutilated. Remains were found of two Jewish boys, victims of an earlier
massacre. Syrian authorities deposited the bodies of all six in sacks before
the homes of their parents in the Jewish ghetto in Damascus.
Ma’alot
massacre. Arab terrorists attacked an elementary school in Israel and took over
115 people hostage, including 105 children. After a two-day stand-off, the
hostage-takers killed children with grenades and automatic weapons. Ultimately,
25 hostages, including 22 children, were killed and 68 more were injured.
Kiryat
Shmona massacre. Arab terrorist killed 18 (including 8 children) and injured
15.
1976 Arab
terrorists hijack plane and take 100 Jews hostage.
1978 Coastal
road massacre near Tel Aviv. 8 people were killed on bus. Victims include 13
children. Other people killed nearby. 71 wounded.
1982 Arabs
bombard Jewish towns near Lebanese border and launch other terrorist attacks.
Arab terrorists attack and murder Jews throughout the world.
1983 Blood
libel accusation claimed publicly by Syrian government official. “The Matzah of
Zion” published, and re-printed several times.
1989 Bus
405 suicide attack. 16 killed.
1991 Iraq
fires 29 SCUD missiles at Israeli cities, damaging 4,000 buildings in 18 waves
of attacks, but miraculously only kill one or two Israelis directly (not
counting people who died of heart attacks during the terror of the SCUD
attacks).
1993 Two
suicide bombing attacks in Israel. 2 killed, 39 injured.
1994 Dizengoff
Street bus bombing. Suicide bomber blows himself up in a bus during the morning
rush hour in Tel Aviv. Killing 22 people and injuring 50 others. Numerous other
suicide bombings throughout Israel, resulting in 16 deaths and 13 injuries.
1995 Beit
Lid massacre. 21 killed, 69 injured. Three other bombing attacks, resulting in
18 more deaths.
1996 First
Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombing. 26 killed.
Second
Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombing. 19 killed.
Two
more suicide bombing attacks, killing 14.
1997 Island
of Peace massacre. Jordanian soldier opened fire on a large group of Israeli
schoolgirls, killing seven.
Three
separate suicide bombing attacks in Israel, killing 24.
1998 Two
suicide bombing attacks in Israel, killing 3 and wounding 20.
1999 Two
suicide bombing attacks in Israel.
2000 Five
suicide bombing attacks in Israel, killing 6 and wounding 4.
2001 Sbarro
restaurant massacre. 15 killed (7 of whom were children),130 injured.
Dolphinarium
discotheque massacre. 21 killed, 100+ wounded.
Forty
suicide bombing attacks in Israel in total, killing 85 and wounding hundreds.
Ramallah
lynching.
2002 Egypt's
government-sponsored television aired a miniseries based on the Protocols of
the Elders of Zion, which is widely accepted as fact and printed in school
textbooks throughout the Arab and Islamic world.
In
Netanya, Israel, Arab terrorist murders 30 Jews and injures over 140 at a
Passover seder. Some victims were Holocaust survivors.
Bat
Mitzvah massacre. 7 killed, 33 wounded.
Yeshivat
Beit Yisrael massacre. 11 killed (including 7 children and 2 infants).
47
suicide bombing attacks in Israel in total. 236 killed and scores wounded.
Hebrew
University Massacre.
Lyon
car attack in France. Wave of increased attacks on Jews and Jewish targets in
France.
2003 The
blood libel was featured in a scene in a popular Syrian TV series.
Tel-Aviv
central bus station massacre. 23 killed, over 100 injured.
23
suicide bombing attacks in Israel in total. 145 killed, scores wounded.
2004 17
suicide bombing attacks. 98 killed, dozens wounded.
2005 9
suicide bombing attacks in Israel. 33 killed. Scores wounded.
2006 Young
Jewish man kidnapped, tortured and killed by Islamic radicals in France.
Three
suicide bombing attacks in Israel. 15 killed, 99 wounded.
2007 Three
killed in a suicide bombing attack in Israel.
2008 Mercaz
HaRav massacre. 8 killed, seven of whom were students.
Two
suicide bombing attacks in Israel. 1 killed, 22 wounded.
2011 Itamar
attack. Both parents and three young children of one family stabbed to death in
their home, one infant decapitated.
2012 Algerian
terrorist attacked a Jewish day school in Toulouse, France, killing a teacher
and three children, and wounding a teenager.
2014 Jerusalem
synagogue massacre. Five killed. Three teenagers kidnapped and killed. An
Islamic terrorist opened fire at the Jewish Museum of Brussels, Belgium,
killing four people.
Rocket
attacks launched toward Israel from Gaza increased dramatically, killing
numerous victims.
2015 Hypercacher
Kosher Supermarket siege in Paris. At the height of pre-Shabbat shopping,
Islamic terrorist took hostages and killed four Jews. Numerous other attacks on
Jews throughout France.
One
suicide bombing attack in Israel.
2016 Tel
Aviv shooting. Four killed.
One
suicide bombing attack in Israel, injuring 20.
2017 Jewish
woman murdered by Islamic terrorists in France.
Halamish stabbing attack – a father and two children stabbed to death in their home by Arab terrorist.
Halamish stabbing attack – a father and two children stabbed to death in their home by Arab terrorist.
According
to recent figures, 1332 people have been killed in Israel by Arab terrorists
since 2000, including 21 Israelis killed abroad in terror attacks directed
specifically against Israeli targets. (Not included are 9 IDF soldiers killed
during the ground operation against Hamas terror in Gaza 2008-2009, or any of
the IDF soldiers killed in Operation Protective Edge 2014).
